Thursday, September 3, 2020

The Character of Laertes in Hamlet Essay -- GCSE English Literature Cou

The Character of Laertes in Hamlet In Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, the character of Laertes is presented as the child of Polonius.  Laertes is quickly settled as a most loved with the King. Mists alludes to the youngster multiple times by name and promptly allows him authorization to come back to his investigations in Paris, in the event that he has his dad's consent. Accordingly we are set up for their later slippery collusion. In this scene too Laertes' relationship with his dad is outwardly settled by both showing up in front of an audience together, despite the fact that they don't address one another. A complexity is likewise settled in this scene among Laertes and Prince Hamlet. One appreciates the King's kindness and is promptly allowed to continue his investigations in Paris; different doesn't and isn't permitted to continue his examinations in Wittenberg. This situational complexity will later be formed into an ethical one. On his second, and last, appearance before he leaves, Laertes offers his sister Ophelia moral guidance about her relationship with Hamlet. He talks negatively about the 'frivolous of his kindness', something that won't last 'A violet in the young people of primy nature, Forward, not changeless, sweet, not enduring, The fragrance and suppliance of a moment, No more.' He additionally proposes that regardless of whether Hamlet does truly adore her, as beneficiary to the seat of Denmark he isn't allowed to pick his own better half. At long last he cautions her not to give up her virginity to his 'unmaster'd insistence'. Laertes' anxiety here is by all accounts not with his sister's sentiments however with her respect (notoriety) and by suggestion, that of the family. Ophelia's vivacious reaction 'In any case, great my sibling, Do not as some ungracious ministers do, Show me the precarious and prickly approach to hurl... ...mode, Frank. Hamlet. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974. Mack, Maynard. The World of Hamlet. Yale Review. vol. 41 (1952) p. 502-23. Rpt. in Shakespeare: Modern Essays in Criticism. Fire up. ed. Ed. Leonard F. Senior member. New York: Oxford University P., 1967. Rosenberg, Marvin. Laertes: An Impulsive yet Earnest Young Aristocrat. Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Wear Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ: Univ. of Delaware P., 1992. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/villa/full.html Ward and Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1907-21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000 http://www.bartleby.com/215/0816.html

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Transition Words in Essay Writing

Transition Words in Essay WritingTransition words in essay writing can be tricky. A transition word can turn a boring sentence into something exciting and interesting. In fact, the right words can change a boring essay into an exciting one.The trick to transition words is to use them throughout your essay. Use one at the beginning of your sentences, one at the end of your sentences, and one to describe your main idea. This will help make your essay more interesting and more likely to be read.You should try to have a few words that transition into the next line. For example, I sometimes use the word 'also' in a sentence. Instead of writing 'also it was cold,' I would write 'Also it was cold.' If you keep in mind that your sentence starts with a word that transitions into the next line, then you will have less trouble remembering the words. Your transitions will actually become part of the sentence!It can be hard to remember all of the words, so find one that you can use quite often. U se it in the beginning of a sentence and use it in the end of a sentence. Make sure it describes the main idea of your essay. Also try to keep your transitions short and simple. Some people may take two seconds to notice a word, but you should be able to get by without those unless they are very important.Using transitional words is a good way to make your essay stand out from the others. Some students give up on writing essays because they don't have enough words to describe their ideas or the reader's attention. Use transition words in essay writing, to add variety and excitement to your essay. Your essay will be better and more interesting if your transitions are lively and stimulating.Your transition words should also be clear. Try to think of words that are common to a variety of usages, but do not necessarily describe the same thing. For example, the word 'even' is used as a prefix when describing times and is used in a sentence as a filler. The word 'several' is used in a sen tence to end a sentence. As you can see, these words are used in different contexts.Your transition words should also relate to your topic. Think about how words relate to what you are writing about. You can add a connection by saying words like 'or,' 'but,' and 'yet.' Be sure to make a strong connection between your transition words and your main idea.A word of caution, though: You should not make it difficult for yourself to come up with good ideas. Sometimes students try to force the transitions they want, but it's counterproductive. Keep the transitions simple and stick to a single idea for each sentence. Your readers will appreciate this and it will improve your essay in general.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Development of Classical States and Empires

Contrasts of Africa's civic establishments: a. Little districts of Mediterranean culture in N. what's more, S. limits, enormous deserts (Sahara, Kalahari), bigger locales of savanna prairies, tropical downpour woods in landmass' inside, good countries + mountains in E. Africa iii. One unmistakable ecological component: cut up by equator = generally tropical of the world's three supercontinents a. Tenacious warm temp. = quick disintegration ot vege table issue (humus) = more unfortunate and less ripe soils and less beneficial horticulture than in more emperate Eurasia + produced illness conveying creepy crawlies/parasites ‘v. Highlight: vicinity to Eurasia a. Permitted portions of Africa to interface w/Eurasian civic establishments b. N.Africa fused into Roman Empire, created wheat/olives w/slave work, Christianity spread broadly popular saints c. Holy person Augustine: scholar d. Christian confidence discovered increasingly changeless a dependable balance in present-day Ethiopi a v. Arabia † another purpose of contact w/bigger world v'. Tamed camel = migrant peaceful lifestyle; later, made trans-Saharan business conceivable (connected W. Africa 0 Med. Human advancements) vii. Over hundreds of years, E. African coast = port of call for Egyptian, Roman, Arab dealers = became vital piece of Indian Ocean exchanging systems viii. Outside associations + inside advancement of African social orders created examples of progress during traditional time A.Geez: language utilized @court, in towns, for business; written in content got from S. Arabia c. Proportion of ctrl over for the most part Agaw-talking ppl of nation through free managerial structure †tribute installments d. Romans P Axum † third significant domain after own and Persian ‘v. Acquainted with Christianity through associations with Red Sea exchange + Roman world (Egypt) v. Ruler Ezana: ruler of fourth century (when Christianity was presented), embraced Christianity (same time as C onstantine in Roman) v'. Mounted battle of royal development across Red Sea 0 Yemen in S. Arabia vii. Decay: ecological changes (soil fatigue, disintegration, deforestation realized serious cultivating) viii.Rise of Islam 0 modified exchange courses, decreased income accessible to Axumite state, developed Christian church (present-day Ethiopia) ‘x. Meroe + Axum resembled for littler scope significant highlights of old style civ. Of Eurasia: significant distance exchanging associations, urban focuses, brought together states, complex social orders, amazing design, composed language, majestic desire, direct contact w/Med. developments II. Along the Niger River: Cities without States Urbanization in center stretches of Niger R. in W. Africa Growing #s of ppl from S. Sahara into rich floodplain of center Niger looking for access to water w/tamed dairy cattle, sheep, goats, farming aptitudes, ironworking tech.Ppl made particular city-based human advancement Oenne-Jeno) No majestic framework No brought together political structure â€Å"cities w/o citadels† Emerged as bunches of financially specific settlements encompassing a bigger focal town Earliest + most renowned specific occupation = iron smithing Roderick McIntosh: classicist, driving fgure in uncovering of Jenne-Jero Villages of otton weavers, potters, cowhide laborers, griots developed around penny. Towns Occupational positions (passed Jobs/abilities to youngsters, could just wed inside own gathering) Farmers worked soil, raised animals, specialization in cultivating †angling, rice development Growing system of indigenous W.African trade Middle Niger flood-plain bolstered rich agribusiness and had mud for earthenware, needed stone, iron, metal, salt, fuel Ghana, Mali, Songhai †W. Africa Ill. South of the Equator: The World of Bantu Africa I. Most critical improvement included quickening development of Bantu-talking ppls into tremendous subcontinent I'. Bean from country district (pres ent-day SE. Nigeria + Cameroons) iii. Bantu extension †sluggish development of people groups brought to Africa south of equator proportion of social and etymological shared characteristic, stamping it as a particular area of the mainland A. Social Encounters ‘v. Preferences: a. as farming created progressively gainful economy 0 bigger #s to live in littler zone b.Farmers brought both parasitic and irresistible infections (to which rummaging individuals had little invulnerability) c. Iron, apparatuses/weapons v. Kalahari districts of SW. Africa and barely any spots in E. Africa, assembling and chasing urvived, (for example, San) vi. In downpour timberland area of Central Africa, searching Batwa (Pygmy) = â€Å"forest specialists† 0 nectar, wild game, elephant items, creature skins, therapeutic barks and plants vii. Received Bantu dialects viii. In drier env

Tuesday, June 9, 2020

A Movement Holy Yoga - Free Essay Example

Holy yoga is a movement that combines exercise with Christian practices. In its core, it attempts to adopt the spiritual content of Yoga to a Christian worldview. Although the practice was initially conducted in the Catholic tradition, it has penetrated into evangelical churches. To understand the nature of holy yoga, I will present the past interview that was attended by Halima Isu, Zoe Shiparski, and Holly Flaig. The interviewees are students from Miami University, who attended a past holy yoga event at the college premises. When asked about the the date and time when the event took place, Halima Isu answered that the holy yoga took place on 24th October, 2018 as from 6.00 p.m. The answer was approved by the other interviewee, who nodded their heads with approval. The question about the venue of the event was answered by Zoe Shiparski who indicated that the holy yoga took place at Sesquicentennial Chapel, a dedicated house of prayer that is situated at the premises of Miami University. When asked about the reason why they attended the holy yoga, the interviewees gave different answers. To begin with, Halima Isu indicated that she attended the event due to the influence of her peers. Being a popular occasion at the university, I was motivated by pleasant stories from my friends, especially those who are regular members of holy yoga. Thus, I attended the function because I was moved by the des ire to know what happens at a holy yoga event She further added that she was motivated by the desire to know how yoga can be holy. According to Zoe Shiparski, the drive to attend the event was based on the desire to enhance her physical and spiritual fitness. She clarified that the exercises build strength, endurance, and flexibility. Holy yoga has been beneficial to me, especially during my time of distress. The exercise helps in managing and controlling stress. Moreover, holy yoga has helped me to acquire a deeper knowledge of the self and a fervent faith in God, Shiparski said. From the answers of Holly Flaig, it was evident that holy yoga can be addictive. The participant narrated how she has been a regular attendant of the exercise. It was interesting to note that the interviewee can become sick if she fails to attend the holy yoga. She also said that she liked the exercise because it could help her to deepen her faith in God. She added the exercise has enabled me to acquire a deep knowledge of the self, hence uniting my b ody with the spirit. Besides, the exercise has helped me to control my weight and have a deeper knowledge and control of the self. On the issue of how the exercise was conducted, Halima Isu revealed that the event took place in a silent room. It was clear that before they began the exercise, the instructor asked them to remove their shoe, change their attire, and switch off the phones. After choosing our favorite yoga style, we warmed up, and stretched as we controlled our breathing. We did the exercise several times with the aid of the instructor. We stretched our muscles as we breathed in and out,Zoe Shiparski added. Holly Flaigconcluded that during the whole session, Christian music played as they chanted religious songs and recited biblical verses. Eventually, we relaxed with Savasana as we contemplated the enriching experience, she said.

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Lack of Morality in War Depicted in Tim OBriens The...

Tim O’Brien’s book â€Å"The Things They Carried† epitomizes the degradation of morals that war produces. This interpretation is personified in the characters who gradually blur the line dividing right and wrong as the motives for war itself become unclear. The morality of soldiers and the purpose of war are tied also to the truth the soldiers must tell themselves in order to participate in the gruesome and random killing which is falsely justified by the U.S government. The lack of purpose in the Vietnam War permanently altered the soldier’s perspective of how to react to situations and in most cases they turned to violence to express their frustration. The men’s mission was plainly described by O’Brien, stating â€Å"If you weren’t humping, you†¦show more content†¦Though the men reacted in violent ways in different situations, O’Brian’s violent act was something that stayed with him for the rest of his life and completely changed who he was as a person. â€Å"The Man I Killed† describes in detail the man and his life Tim O’Brien killed on a path in the jungle, even though he obviously did not know the man’s personal background, but mimicked it after his own. This description shows O’Brien’s life came to an end at his first act of violence, mirrored in the loss of the man’s life. After O’Brien’s incident on the pathway, he became cold and exemplified this new disposition after Jorgenson almost allowed O’Brien to die from a bullet wound, and in turn O’Brien needed pay back by scaring him in the middle of the night. The war may have physically killed many, but in this sense it damaged every soldier mentally. When truth became distorted by the ambiguous or absent motive for war, the soldiers needed to make up their own truths in order to keep sane enough to live through the senselessness and fear. Along with the fact that O’Brien’s boyhood died after killing the man in the path, his conception of truth died as well. He examines this fact when his daughter Kathleen asks him, â€Å"Daddy tell the truth, did you ever kill anybody?† and O’Brien ponders this stating, â€Å"And I can say, honestly, ‘Of course not.’ Or I canShow MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried by Tim OBrien793 Words   |  3 Pagesthe novel, The Things They Carried, by Tim O’Brien there is an ambiguity assigned to the life of a soldier in the Vietnam war, an ambiguity that represents no clear moral victor, no clear heroes, and seemingly no end. In the movie, Platoon, written and directed by Oliver Stone, the same ambiguity is depicted, with no clear moral direction, no clear h eroes, and no clear resolution. In the short story, â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story,† O’Brien talks in great detail about how a true war story, and not

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay MM Project 4 - 1415 Words

Strayer University Math 300 MM Project PT 4 August 14, 2011 Solution: We want to test the following null and alternative hypotheses We need to use the z-statistic, which is calculated using Observe that the sample proportion is This corresponds to a two-tailed z-test for proportions. The z-statistics is computed by the following formula: The critical value for for this two-tailed test is. The rejection region is given by Since, then we reject the null hypothesis H0. Hence, we have enough evidence to reject the claim that the true proportion of blue Mamp;Ms ® candies is 0.24. 3 pts. Test their claim that the true proportion of orange Mamp;Ms ® candies is 0.20 at the†¦show more content†¦3 pts. Test their claim that the true proportion of yellow Mamp;Ms ® candies is 0.14 at the 0.05 significance level. Solution: We need to test the following hypotheses We need to use the z-statistic, which is computed using Observe that the sample proportion is This corresponds to a two-tailed z-test for proportions. The z-statistics is given by the following formula: The critical value for for this two-tailed test is. The rejection region is given by Since, then we reject the null hypothesis H0. Hence, we have enough evidence to reject the claim that the true proportion of yellow Mamp;Ms candies is 0.14. 3 pts. Test their claim that the true proportion of red Mamp;Ms ® candies is 0.13 at the 0.05 significance level. Solution: We are interested in testing the following hypotheses We need to use the z-statistic, which is calculated using Observe that the sample proportion is This corresponds to a two-tailed z-test for proportions. The z-statistics is given by the following formula: The critical value for for this two-tailed test is. The rejection region is given by Since, then we fail to reject the null hypothesis H0. Hence, we dont have enough evidence to reject the claim the true proportion of red Mamp;Ms candies is 0.13. 3 pts. Test their claim that the true proportion of brownShow MoreRelatedDummy Stress Management Paper1370 Words   |  6 Pages4/3/13 STRESS M ANAGEM ENT | PROJECT ON STRESS M ANAGEM ENT | M BA PROJECT ON STRESS M ANAGEM ENT | HR PROJECT ON STRESS M †¦ Ads by Google ââ€" º Stres s ââ€" º MBA Degree ââ€" º MBA in It ââ€" º HR Servic es PROJECT ON STRESS MANAGEMENT CAUSES OF STRESS Society the working world and daily life have changed almost beyond recognition in the past 50 years. These changes have contributed to a major increase in stress. Stress is caused from both outside inside the organization from groupsRead MoreScope Statement For Sustainable Solar Toy Car Project1256 Words   |  6 PagesScope Statement for Sustainable Solar Toy Car Project Project Scope: Enough for everyone, forever. 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Financial Accounting Complex Working Mechanism

Question: Describe about the Financial Accounting for Complex Working Mechanism. Answer: Introduction The modern world as we know it is full of competitive organizations based on complex working mechanism and this requires the use of extensive machinery and use of capitals from the entrepreneur and the market. Every organization working in an economic environment involves the use of assets and liabilities, and a proper balance of these two traits is useful for efficient working of an industry. If there is an imbalance in these to accounts, it results in a drop in the value of the organization. Every industry needs to maintain its assets more than its liabilities to active in the market and keep profit because very firm enters into the market to earn a profit. This assignment is based on the case study of the three companies, namely HIH Insurance, ABC Learning and One Tel company. These industries are few examples of Australian companies, which have gone into liquidation due to incapability to meet their liabilities (Thai, 2013). This assignment evaluates the reasons behind the liquidation of these businesses and the corporate governance and the ethics of these industries and their demerits, which led to the liquidation of these organizations. The study also verifies whether an inability to pay off the liabilities was a major issue behind the liquidation of these industries. Analysis The following assignment in detail deals with the assessment of HIH insurance, ABC Learning, and One Tel company in detail discussing them and their ethics and governance. The discussion and the assessment of these organizations are as follows: HIH Insurance HIH insurance is one of the fastest growing insurance company in Australia which was established in 1968 and till then it has been growing since. But on 15th March 2001, the company went into provisional liquidation because it was incapable to pay off its debts on time. The collapse of this firm was one of the largest falls in the corporate history of Australia. This fall led to an adverse effect on the society, and the consumers were in a dilemma to invest in the company. From audits point of view, the collapse of this organization was due to the financial stress of the firm, which occurred due to lack of corporate governance practice and having a poor framework for ethics and governance. The main reason for the fall of this company in the financial perspective was due to the inability for the industry to pay off claims of its policyholders and other loans taken by them. The finance resource management of the company was indigent which led to a weak cash position of the company, whi ch was one of the due reasons for the collapse of the company. We all know that every organization entering a market has the ultimate goal of earning a profit in the long run just to survive in the business. So the cash position of any company will determine the financial and operating policies of the organization. Thus to analyze the problem of HIH insurance it is evident to evaluate the operating and the financial activities to determine the true reason for its liquidation (Phillips, 2013). The liquidation of this company resulted in the establishment of a Royal Commission which was asked to look at the grounds for the collapse of the organization. The results obtained by this commission made adverse reforms in the corporate laws of Australia. The industry having such a remarkable ethics and governance could fall so rapidly was a question to everyone. The report provided that the collapse of the sector was due to arrogance and self-pride and due to an inadequate supervision and lack of system rather than any fraud in the framework. It was discovered that some management employees neglected their duties, and so they were suspended from any involvement in the company indefinitely along with financial penalties. The company was thought to be an organization with a traditional corporate culture and thus a collapse of the organization due to weak ethics and governance came out as a surprise for everyone. The company was run by an appealing and controlling CEO who always undertook practices of high risk in the competitive markets to earn high revenue and establish its organization as one of the leaders in the insurance industry. Few members of the board of directors of the company were partners of the firm run by the auditor, and thus these directors did not have freedom to take decisions themselves. The other leaders of the industry complained that they were misled about the actual financial position of the company. The industry had an attacking accusation strategy, and thus, there grew a conflict between maximizing profit and adhering to a proper corporate governance. The reason for the bankruptcy of the organization was also found out to be a collision between the entrepreneurs, managers, an d debtors inside the organization. A balance between the stockholder and the debtors is necessary to maintain the value of the company and for this purpose, corporate governance is a key factor. Thus the liquidation of the industry is due in large part to the faulty corporate governance of the organization. According to Johnston and Too (2015), the company had a false outlook showing everyone that they progressed according to a structured ethics and corporate governance whereas they had a faulty management framework which led to the collapse of the industry so rapidly. The commission after a series of investigation recommended a lot of governance changes which resulted in the creation of corporate governance principles which would guide all the organizations in Australia. The commission also realized that a good corporate governance is achievable through a mixture of regulatory action, application of company codes of governance and ethics and the method of best practice in the organization. Thus it has been found out he reason for financial stress for HIH insurance company was mainly due to a faulty corporate and ethics governance, which at last led to the liquidation of the enterprise. One Tel phone company One Tel phone company was one of the leaders in the telecommunication sectors of Australia. The industry was founded in 1995 after the deregulation of the telecom sectors in Australia. The industry created a youth based image to market their product of phone and internet services. But later in 1999, this industry also started to face problems like HIH insurance and the problems which led to their liquidation was also due to an inefficient corporate governance system. The company was in operation in across seven countries when the industry fell with annual sales of around AU$ 650 million approx. The company was in a safe financial condition, but the only problem within the organization was their inadequate governance structure. The two CEOs of this organization had an immense authority over the board of directors that the organization never had a constant Chairman in position, which leads to an ad hoc based Chairman which was held by the CEO s or the executive directors according to the situation. The non-executive directors were free from supervision, which led to the lapse in the management system. Such mistakes led to weak corporate governance and wrong auditing practices because the executive directors and the CEO controlled all of these (Durie, 2013). Thus, One Tel broke down due to a large number of failures in the corporate governance. The primary reason behind this breakdown was due to extreme power and authority of the CEOs over the powerless board of directors, which meant that the decisions and policies taken by them were ultimate. Such a situation meant that the board of directors became inefficient and reduced their capacity to render efficient and supervision and control over the lower level management and the employees. The second reason behind One Tels demise was the inability of the investors of the organization who were reluctant to look in to the operations of the management and were entirely dependent on the decisions of the CEOs and the directors which overlooked the actual financial condition of the organization. The third reason for the decline of this organization was the inefficiency of the non-executive directors of the organization as they had a close relation with the CEOs, which prompted them from working a ccording to the ethics of the organization. The non-executive directors avoided their responsibilities because they knew all the decisions would be taken by the CEOs. The auditor of the company had a conflicting interest with the board of directors, which was negotiated with the arrangement of non-audit services of the industry. Lastly, the Chair of the board of directors was dependent and thus an adequate supervision of the management control and conduct of the agenda of the board of directors was not possible. Thus from the above analysis, it is clear that the reason for a liquidation of this organization was mainly due to the faulty ethics and corporate governance framework and did not include any liability issue. ABC Learning ABC Learning was a daycare school situated in Australia with the primary motive to provide training, learning and proper monitoring of infants in the pre school age. ABC Learning was established in the year 1988 and soon became the largest day care center all over the country. The day care school operated in the form of an organization and maintained a corporate management system, which led to the growth of the organization in a short period. The growth was visible from later 90s and the organization had more than eighteen centers whole over the country. The company grew more and more in the later years, and this resulted in an immense increase in the price of the shares in the stock market. Every organization goes through highs and lows in the span of business, and so ABC Learning's fortune started fluctuating and started facing trouble. Out of all the reasons, some of the reasons were due to mismanagement of the organization internally. An improper management and corporate governance are one of the main grounds for the downfall of the business. The rise of the organization was generally due to the standard of education provided by the other institutions to the children. The rule of maintaining a proper ratio of student to teacher was not supported because this would lead to a fall in the profit of the organizations. The standard of education thus started degrading as there were not as many teachers according to the children in the school. The financial position of the companies though remained in a proper state, but the remunerations provided to their staffs were not adequate. The small non-profit making organizations were more aggressive in paying off their profits to their workers. There was a difference in quality. The corporate chain management of the organization did not expect the shift of these children to ABC Learning. The company went on operating its way and thus resulted in the financial and operating problem in the organization. Another reason in the growth of this organization was due to policies of the Governm ent. The fall in the economic and financial problems of the organization came into existence during universal financial crisis during the year 2008, which had a long- term impact of the company. The company was aware of the misdeeds it committed during the time of expansion and if it had rectified then, such a time would not have come. The primary reasons for the downfall of ABC Learning are as follows: Financial Disparity The financial conflict in the organization was one of the major reasons for its downfall. According to ACCC, the destruction of this institution was mainly due to financial miscalculations rather than increased rivalry in the market. The financial mismanagements in the sectors of high debts and abnormal acquisitions was another relevant issue. The company also provided false financial information, which attracted more investors and a good loyalty base in the market for the industry which became unrealistic at the time of global crisis. At the time of financial problem in 2008, the cracks in the infrastructure of the organization came into limelight, and the ordinary customers became aware of their misdeeds. The subtle crisis opened the eyes of the Government of all the countries, and they became more alert about the malpractices of the organizations. The financial reports and statements provided by ABC Learning showed that their assets consisted of mostly intangible assets like operating licenses etc. The operating license having such a significant part in the asset of an organization made doubt in the mind of the Government and finally the Government decided to set up an investigation team to realize the value of these licenses. It was thus found out that the operating licenses, which the industry claimed to be of high value, in reality, did not have any value at all in the trading point of view. This was a malpractice used by the organization to attract investors from the market to invest in their shares and thus increasing the price of the share. Thus it was determined that ABC Learning was guilty of fraudulent financial practices, and thus the value of all the shares fell, and legal steps were also taken against the organization. Transactions The organization was able to rise to such a promising position with the help of related party transactions, but the mistake committed by the organization was due to abidance of the corporate governance rules. There were many related party transactions made by ABC Learning to increase its share price during its booming period. For example, The industry-sponsored the basket ball team named Brisbane Bullets. But the organization confirmed that these transactions were not related to the organization, and there was no concern of the industry regarding these transactions. This example of poor corporate governance led to the extinction of the confidence of the investors in the organization. Thus it can be seen that ABC Learning grew like a phoenix in a short time span and collapsed like a pack of cards when the damaged structures came into light. This showed that the management of the industry was ineffective to control the growth it was having because it focused on growing avoiding to strengthen its root through proper ethical and corporate governance. So from the above study, it is found that the company collapsed due to financial malpractices, but this mistake was made due to lack of corporate governance (Jones, 2016). Recommendations From the above analysis, it is for certain that every organization requires a sound corporate governance internally so that a good supervision and monitoring will eliminate the chances of avoidance of responsibility and also creating a sense of responsibility within the management. The financial stress and liquidation of these companies were indirectly due to a lack of corporate governance because a good supervision and evaluation of these principles by the industries would not have led to this present condition. Conclusion The above assessment of these three organizations reflects that all the three industries collapsed due to their ineffective and inefficient ethical and corporate governance frameworks. HIH insurance, ABC Learning and One Tel company each had different problems all together one having a poor governance, and the other two having financial stress due to incapable corporate governance. So it is in the opinion that a proper corporate governance model is essentially required by the organizations for a smooth running of the industries and being competitive in the market. The best routine for corporate governance is primarily needed to provide good financial achievements and optimize the returns to the investors. The cases of these three industries illustrate that corporate governance is way over the common guidelines in the market. HIH had a remarkable supervision model, but it was ineffective where as One Tel and ABC Learning disrespected the good principles of corporate governance. All the organizations neglected the periodical evaluation of their corporate governance. Such liquidations of these companies led to the creation of new codes and rules introduced by the Government to avoid such cases shortly conserving the feelings and sentiments of the normal citizen of the country. Reference List Beekes, W., Brown, P. and Zhang, Q., 2015. Corporate governance and the informativeness of disclosures in Australia: a reà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ examination. Accounting Finance, 55(4), pp.931-963 Durie, E.T., 2013. Ethics and values in Maori research. He pukenga korero, 4(1). Faden, R.R., Kass, N.E., Goodman, S.N., Pronovost, P., Tunis, S. and Beauchamp, T.L., 2013. An ethics framework for a learning health care system: a departure from traditional research ethics and clinical ethics. Hastings Center Report, 43(s1), pp.S16-S27 Harford, J., Mansi, S.A. and Maxwell, W.F., 2012. Corporate governance and firm cash holdings in the US. In Corporate Governance (pp. 107-138). Springer Berlin Heidelberg Hodne, N., Murphy, S., Ottenbacher, M. and Ruggles, T., 2013. Australia and the United States: A Comparison and Contrast of Corporate Governance Practices. Jefferson, G., Korbut, A., Sacks, H. and Schegloff, E., 2015. A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation Johnston, N. and Too, E., 2015. Multi-owned properties in Australia: a governance typology of issues and outcomes. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 8(4), pp.451-470 Jones, S., 2016. A Cash Flow Based Model of Corporate Bankruptcy in Australia. Journal of Applied Management Accounting Research, 14(1), p.23 McCahery, J.A., Sautner, Z. and Starks, L.T., 2016. Behind the scenes: The corporate governance preferences of institutional investors. The Journal of Finance. McNulty, T., Zattoni, A. and Douglas, T., 2013. Developing corporate governance research through qualitative methods: A review of previous studies. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 21(2), pp.183-198 Phillips, A., 2013. An analysis of official liquidations in Australia: Terry Taylor Scholarship 2012. Australian Insolvency Journal, 25(2), p.4 S., Schilling, C. and Sheedy, E.A., 2014, August. The Effect of Risk Governance in the Insurance Sector During the Financial Crisis-Empirical Evidence from an International Sample. In 27th Australasian Finance and Banking Conference. Sisman, F.A., Yozgat, U., Abunaz, E. and Ozarslan, T., 2015. IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPARENCY ON SUSTAINABLE SUCCESS ORIENTATION. Research Journal of Business and Management, 2(3), pp.366-379 Thai, L., 2013. Calling for reform to the statutory derivative action in Australia: critical analysis and suggestions for reform. Insolvency law journal, 21(4), pp.242-262 Tricker, B., 2015. Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA Tyson, N. and Hackett, J., 2013. Insolvency: Limits in obtaining orders to issue creditor notices electronically in creditors' voluntary liquidation. Law Society Journal: the official journal of the Law Society of New South Wales, 51(11), p.52 Wappett, C., 2016. Equipment leasing and the PPSA-another painful lesson: Forge group power pty limited (in liquidation)(receivers and managers appointed) v General Electric International Inc.[2016] NSWSC 52. Proctor, The, 36(6), p.32 X., ajella Percy, M., Hu, F. and Stewart, J., 2014. Corporate Governance and Stock Option Vesting Conditions: Evidence from Australia Zattoni, A., Douglas, T. and Judge, W., 2013. Developing corporate governance theory through qualitative research. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 21(2), pp.119-122

Monday, April 20, 2020

The Effects Of HIV Mutations On The Immune System Science C.J. Stimson

The Effects of HIV Mutations on the Immune System Science C.J. Stimson INTRODUCTION The topic of this paper is the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, and whether or not mutations undergone by the virus allow it to survive in the immune system. The cost of treating all persons with AIDS in 1993 in the United States was $7.8 billion, and it is estimated that 20,000 new cases of AIDS are reported every 3 months to the CDC. This question dealing with how HIV survives in the immune system is of critical importance, not only in the search for a cure for the virus and its inevitable syndrome, AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), but also so that over 500,000 Americans already infected with the virus could be saved. This is possible because if we know that HIV survives through mutations then we might be able to come up with a type of drug to retard these mutations allowing the immune system time to expunge it before the onset of AIDS. BACKGROUND In order to be able to fully comprehend and analyze this question we must first ascertain what HIV is, how the body attempts to counter the effects of viruses in general, and how HIV infects the body. Definition HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV is classified as a RNA Retrovirus. A retrovirus uses RNA templates to produce DNA. For example, within the core of HIV is a double molecule of ribonucleic acid, RNA. When the virus invades a cell, this genetic material is replicated in the form of DNA . But, in order to do so, HIV must first be able to produce a particular enzyme that can construct a DNA molecule using an RNA template. This enzyme, called RNA-directed DNA polymerase, is also referred to as reverse transcriptase because it reverses the normal cellular process of transcription. The DNA molecules produced by reverse transcription are then inserted into the genetic material of the host cell, where they are co-replicated with the host's chromosomes; they are thereby distributed to all daughte r cells during subsequent cell divisions. Then in one or more of these daughter cells, the virus produces RNA copies of its genetic material. These new HIV clones become covered with protein coats and leave the cell to find other host cells where they can repeat the life cycle. The Body Fights Back As viruses begin to invade the body, a few are consumed by macrophages, which seize their antigens and display them on their own surfaces. Among millions of helper T cells circulating in the bloodstream, a select few are programmed to ?read? that antigen. Binding the macrophage, the T cell becomes activated. Once activated, helper T cells begin to multiply. They then stimulate the multiplication of those few killer T cells and B cells that are sensitive to the invading viruses. As the number of B cells increases, helper T cells signal them to start producing antibodies. Meanwhile, some of the viruses have entered cells of the body - the only place they are able to replicate. Killer T cells will sacrifice these cells by chemically puncturing their membranes, letting the contents spill out, thus disrupting the viral replication cycle. Antibodies then neutralize the viruses by binding directly to their surfaces, preventing them from attacking other cells. Additionally, they precipitate chemical reactions that actually destroy the infected cells. As the infection is contained, suppresser T cells halt the entire range of immune responses, preventing them from spiraling out of control. Memory T and B cells are left in the blood and lymphatic system, ready to move quickly should the same virus once again invade the body. HIV's Life Cycle In the initial stage of HIV infection, the virus colonizes helper T cells, specifically CD4+ cells, and macrophages, while replicating itself relatively unnoticed. As the amount of the virus soars, the number of helper cells falls; macrophages die as well. The infected T cells perish as thousands of new viral particles erupt from t he cell membrane. Soon, though, cytotoxic T and B lymphocytes kill many virus-infected cells and viral particles. These effects limit viral growth and allow the body an opportunity to temporarily restore its supply of helper cells to The Effects Of HIV Mutations On The Immune System Science C.J. Stimson The Effects of HIV Mutations on the Immune System Science C.J. Stimson INTRODUCTION The topic of this paper is the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, and whether or not mutations undergone by the virus allow it to survive in the immune system. The cost of treating all persons with AIDS in 1993 in the United States was $7.8 billion, and it is estimated that 20,000 new cases of AIDS are reported every 3 months to the CDC. This question dealing with how HIV survives in the immune system is of critical importance, not only in the search for a cure for the virus and its inevitable syndrome, AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), but also so that over 500,000 Americans already infected with the virus could be saved. This is possible because if we know that HIV survives through mutations then we might be able to come up with a type of drug to retard these mutations allowing the immune system time to expunge it before the onset of AIDS. BACKGROUND In order to be able to fully comprehend and analyze this question we must first ascertain what HIV is, how the body attempts to counter the effects of viruses in general, and how HIV infects the body. Definition HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV is classified as a RNA Retrovirus. A retrovirus uses RNA templates to produce DNA. For example, within the core of HIV is a double molecule of ribonucleic acid, RNA. When the virus invades a cell, this genetic material is replicated in the form of DNA . But, in order to do so, HIV must first be able to produce a particular enzyme that can construct a DNA molecule using an RNA template. This enzyme, called RNA-directed DNA polymerase, is also referred to as reverse transcriptase because it reverses the normal cellular process of transcription. The DNA molecules produced by reverse transcription are then inserted into the genetic material of the host cell, where they are co-replicated with the host's chromosomes; they are thereby distributed to all daughte r cells during subsequent cell divisions. Then in one or more of these daughter cells, the virus produces RNA copies of its genetic material. These new HIV clones become covered with protein coats and leave the cell to find other host cells where they can repeat the life cycle. The Body Fights Back As viruses begin to invade the body, a few are consumed by macrophages, which seize their antigens and display them on their own surfaces. Among millions of helper T cells circulating in the bloodstream, a select few are programmed to ?read? that antigen. Binding the macrophage, the T cell becomes activated. Once activated, helper T cells begin to multiply. They then stimulate the multiplication of those few killer T cells and B cells that are sensitive to the invading viruses. As the number of B cells increases, helper T cells signal them to start producing antibodies. Meanwhile, some of the viruses have entered cells of the body - the only place they are able to replicate. Killer T cells will sacrifice these cells by chemically puncturing their membranes, letting the contents spill out, thus disrupting the viral replication cycle. Antibodies then neutralize the viruses by binding directly to their surfaces, preventing them from attacking other cells. Additionally, they precipitate chemical reactions that actually destroy the infected cells. As the infection is contained, suppresser T cells halt the entire range of immune responses, preventing them from spiraling out of control. Memory T and B cells are left in the blood and lymphatic system, ready to move quickly should the same virus once again invade the body. HIV's Life Cycle In the initial stage of HIV infection, the virus colonizes helper T cells, specifically CD4+ cells, and macrophages, while replicating itself relatively unnoticed. As the amount of the virus soars, the number of helper cells falls; macrophages die as well. The infected T cells perish as thousands of new viral particles erupt from t he cell membrane. Soon, though, cytotoxic T and B lymphocytes kill many virus-infected cells and viral particles. These effects limit viral growth and allow the body an opportunity to temporarily restore its supply of helper cells to

Sunday, March 15, 2020

Before Writing Your Résumé, Read This

Before Writing Your Rà ©sumà ©, Read This If youre in need of a new rà ©sumà © (or maybe even a first rà ©sumà ©), the challenge can be overwhelming. For every ten articles you read online about how to write a rà ©sumà ©, you might run across ten different opinions on the best way to do it. However, there are a few basic concepts to keep in mind as you are working on your rà ©sumà ©, and thats what we want to cover here.Rà ©sumà © typeFirst, lets cover the type of rà ©sumà © you need to focus on writing. The traditional, chronological rà ©sumà © details the jobs youve had, from the most recent backward. Alternately, the skills-based rà ©sumà © focuses on skills picked up from schooling, jobs, and other areas of life. Knowing which one to use is important when writing your first rà ©sumà ©. Since the traditional and skills-based rà ©sumà ©s are the most common, well focus on these in this article.Deciding which to useA traditional rà ©sumà © is best used when there has been consistent, long-term employme nt. What that means is that youve had no gaps in employment of more than a month and the jobs were held for more than six months or at least a year. Otherwise, it is better to use a skills-based rà ©sumà © if your employment history is sporadic and youve had many different jobs lasting less than a year. When your skills are the focus of your rà ©sumà ©, youll write it based on a certain line of work, such as customer service or production.Getting startedFor both traditional and skills-based rà ©sumà ©s, start making a list of your employment history. This should be kept as a separate document to make writing other rà ©sumà ©s easier and it should be updated when a new job or skill is added to your experience. What should be included in the employment history is the name of the company, address (at least the city and state), employment dates (at least the month and year for start and end date), the position held, and a list of four to six tasks completed at the job. If youre unsure of how to word the tasks, O*Net is a great resource to look through tasks based on positions.Its also good to have the supervisors name, a phone number for the company, and even the supervisors email address or the name and email address of the HR rep. It makes it easier when completing applications and employment verification.Personal information sectionAlthough some rà ©sumà © templates put the personal information on other parts of the page, most rà ©sumà © templates place it front and center, at the very top of the paper. For this section, you need to start with your full, legal first and last name. This should be the most prominent portion of your rà ©sumà ©. You can bold it and increase the font size, but dont make it over 16-point font. (A word on fonts: Keep the fonts neutral in most cases. Use easy to read fonts like Times New Roman, Calibri, or Arial.)Under your name should be your address, including the city and state, in a smaller font (10 to 12-point). If y oure looking for a job in a new city or state, use that location. Employers are more likely to contact you if your rà ©sumà © and application information is listed in the city where the job is located. Finally, list your email and phone number next. They can be on the same line and have a symbol included before them.Example: ââ€"  email@email.com ââ€"  (555) 555-5555Keep in mind that your email should be professional (Stoner6969@email.com doesnt meet that criteria). The best way to make a professional email is a combination of your first and last name. If it needs numbers, keep them in an odd set like one or three. Two or four makes the employer think that is the year you were born and dates you in their mind. A good email is j.smith111@email.com or john.smith111@email.com.Your voicemail should be set up and professional, as well. Do not have a joke voicemail, swearing, or an automated voice stating the phone number. At the very least, state your first and last name.Summary st atementIn the older days of rà ©sumà © writing, this was called the objective statement. It usually began something like this: Seeking job with advancement opportunities, or Looking for a job in customer service. Those are not used anymore and dont highlight what you offer the company.Instead, you want to stand out and hook the employer with a summary, which should be about two to four sentences long. In this summary, you want to state your occupation and the years of experience you have in it. Next, you want to state what you offer the company to which youre applying regarding verifiable skills and knowledge of the industry. If youve won awards that highlight your professionalism or knowledge, put those here to bring them to the forefront of your potential employers attention.Example:Customer Service Representative with 1+ years of high-volume call center experience. Skilled in navigating multiple windows, customer satisfaction, and relationship building with customers. Always me t monthly sales goals and given an award for top customer service quality scores above 98%.EducationWith education, it depends on what you want to emphasize. If you have a solid set of degrees and want them as the focus, then list them after your personal information. If you dont have higher education or your degrees are older and it would give away your age, then you can list them later in the rà ©sumà ©. If you dont have a diploma or GED, you can exclude this section. If youre listing a degree you are in the process of completing, only list it if you are within three months of completing the program.Experience/Work historyTraditional/Chronological rà ©sumà ©For a traditional rà ©sumà ©, the jobs listed under your experience section should be targeted to the job for which you are applying. For example, if you are applying for a production job, you would list production-related jobs or jobs that prepared you for various soft skills like teamwork or customer service. If you are applying for IT jobs, you would list IT-related jobs. Otherwise, use a skills-based rà ©sumà ©.The typical response with a rà ©sumà © is to write long descriptions of your tasks from former/current jobs. That is not the best route. Employers spend about ten seconds skimming rà ©sumà ©s. Make a bulleted list of about four to six tasks you performed in the job. With each related job, use new but related tasks to show that you know the field or job type. As I mentioned earlier, O*Net is helpful with this because they have lists of typical tasks related to your field.It is also good to list numbers if you can. This can be like sales jobs where you mention specific sales goals you met or passed, or call centers where youd list their quality scores. In production or other jobs, this might mean listing how long it takes you to pack a pallet, the number of pallets you pack in an hour, or your quality scores. In other jobs, you can list tasks like accounts managed, dollar amounts hand led, employees managed, and so on. Adding in verifiable and specific numbers are something employers focus on and can see as potentially benefiting their company.Skills-based rà ©sumà ©In a skills-based rà ©sumà ©, the focus is on the skills. A job history is listed, but in a different format and at the end of the section. The experience is split into targeted areas for the job for which youre applying. An example would be a customer service position at a call center. The first jobs you would list would be those related to Customer Service, along with a total of your years of experience. List specific skills/tasks that relate to your experience with customer service like a traditional rà ©sumà ©. You can then list other fields, but keep that section of your rà ©sumà © targeted toward customer service.However, lets say you worked construction but are now applying for the call center. There are aspects of construction that relate to customer service. List tasks/skills such as effective communication with co-workers, following policies and instructions from your supervisor, and meeting deadlines and goals. Doing so allows you to use a job not directly related to the job you are applying for, while pointing out the skills and tasks from that experience that do transfer into the job you want.Additional skillsYou will likely want to focus on several major skills to list your experience under, but in both traditional and skills-based rà ©sumà ©s, you can also include a section listing your hard and soft skills in table format (without additional information). Most people use skills like leadership or customer service as their primary skills, but you should also consider skills related to finding solutions to problems and organizing your workflow. There should be a mixture of skills included in this section. Try to find a list of skills online of soft skills and other skills needed for the work you seek and pick out about 10 total.Other sections to includeTh e other sections you choose to include should be based on your experience. These could be volunteering, internships, publications, and so on, based on your personal and career history.Make it a living documentRà ©sumà ©s are a lot of trial and error. If you send out your rà ©sumà © and no one calls, then change it. Rà ©sumà ©s are living documents, and everyone has an opinion of what a rà ©sumà © should be. It should also be a document that is targeted to your personal experience and the job to which youre applying. What works for one position might not work for another. However, once you have the basic information, you can build on it (or take away from it) however you need.

Friday, February 28, 2020

Reaction Paper to Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reaction Paper to Democracy - Essay Example The government’s prime focus under the description should remain on providing safety to the individual rights of the people. The governmental representatives should also detach themselves in order to practice law and order in the community. They must not allow their personal feelings and emotions to interfere with their ability to fulfill their jobs and responsibilities as well. The democratic system thrives by meeting the needs and entertaining the opinion of the majority. Finally, the governments are formed with the help of obtaining public willingness and nobody has the authority to occupy the throne forcefully. The changes are supposed to come through the system of ballet box. The elections are held in order to let the public decide the next political leadership of the country. Locke profoundly argues that â€Å"Men being, as has been said, by Nature, all free, equal and independent, no one can be put out of this Estate, and subjected to the political power of another without his consent† (Locke, 330). The author establishes in the abovementioned passage that every human being is created as a free entity by the God and therefore, he or she shall allow others like him or her to rule upon. The equally legendary philosopher Rousseau came up with the idea of â€Å"social contract† that he believes to be present between the public and the government. The governmental success according to the author, resides in its ability to meet the expectation of the people. The democracy can be practiced through many different systems such as communism and even capitalism, if these frameworks manage to meet the expectations of the public. The anticipations of the public are presented in a generalized term as the need to see constant improvement in their living standards. The goal can surely be achieved by multiple paths. The Republic of China is achieving it with the help of

Wednesday, February 12, 2020

Uprising of Syria Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Uprising of Syria - Research Paper Example The questions, which arise from the crisis in Syria, are the nature of the Syrian conflicts, the relationship between a civil war and a revolution and whether the crisis in Syria overshadows a revolution (hill). Nature of conflicts in Syria The crisis in Syria cannot be classified as purely sectarian as the international and the local media try to classify it. This classification of the Syrian conflicts as sectarian is as a result of the failure of the media personalities to understand Syrians or generally Arabs in other terms, which do not identify them as sectarian. A sectarian conflict can only be described as one that lies outside a country's history and does not depend on any social and economic factors. Sectarian conflicts are often referred to as religious conflicts and are static. The Syrian situation is similar to the case of Spanish civil war, Yemen civil war and the revolution that occurred in Libya. The main cause of the Syrian civil war is as a result of the uprising of the Syrian citizens against a class of individuals whose main goal is to enslave others. According to McMahon in his article on crisis in Syria, he describes the cause of the continued crisis is mainly as a result of disunity among different religious and ethnic group. This makes it more difficult to find a concrete solution to these crises (Macmahon). US president is quoted in solidarity magazine saying, â€Å"The crisis in Syria should be solved through a meditation led by international community†. This implies that international communities like the United Nations should initiate the process of mediation in order to find long term solutions to the...Moghadam in her article on Syria crisis and prospects quotes the UN secretary general saying, â€Å"We need to come up with an immediate solution to these uprisings†. On this has seen some of the nations like the United States of America and Britain argue that it is crucial to intervene in the crisis in Syria, while othe r nations like Russia and France arguing otherwise (Moghadam). The Syrian uprising has attracted attention from every nation across the world given the fact that Syria was once considered as the most peaceful and stable Arab country in the world. Different leaders across the world have varying opinions on the crisis in Syria. Some view it as a civil war while others view it as a revolution which involves political forces. The Syrian crisis should so far be classified as civil war since the government is fighting against a well organized rebel gang â€Å"Sunnis† which was possibly established during the initial uprisings. Most revolutions bare some aspects of civil war; however some aspects of civil war cannot be overlooked during a civil war as in the case of the Syrian revolution which has turned out to be a civil war. In conclusion, the crises in Syria originate mainly from the internal factors and forces. The major internal cause of the crisis is the government of Syria, which triggered the initial demonstration through infringing the rights of its citizen.

Friday, January 31, 2020

Fashion marketing Prada and Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fashion marketing Prada and Zara - Essay Example The paper "Fashion marketing Prada and Zara" analyzes the fashion brand of Prada and Zara and its marketing. Zara is a brand of fashion under the Inditex Group. Amancio Ortega created the brand in 1975 from when it has used clear strategies to beat the tight competition and gain world recognition. The company thrives on innovation, mostly coming up with new concepts that pioneer the industry trends. The company uses lucrative strategies, choosing not to advertise its products and channel the funds to other projects. Since its inception, the company has experienced tremendous growth and has a tremendous market share in the fashion industry. Most market researchers call the brand a devastating competitor and the coverage of this product is wide, serving markets all over the world. Zara and Prada have major differences in operation and organizations, which individually lead to their success. Zara is an independent retailer, preferring to open stores in most of the cities where they thin k they can get the most customers. The company does not use any advertisements for the products or stores, unlike Prada, mostly preferring to utilize the resources to open more stores and develop the business to meet the ever-changing demands in the fashion industry. However, the company may also prefer to use franchising techniques as the route of expansion when the legal requirements forbid the company to open independently owned stores. The franchised stores operate just like the other company owned stores.

Thursday, January 23, 2020

Meeting the Demand for Clergy in Victorian England :: European History

Meeting the Demand for Clergy in Victorian England    Many new changes came to Victorian England as a result of the age of industrialization. Where there were once small country parishes, manufacturing towns were springing up. One change resulting from industrialization was the shortage of clergy to fill the new parishes in these towns. These new parishes reflect the demographic changes of the English countryside. Rural villages grew into booming towns. Where a single parish was once sufficient, there was now a need for multiple parishes. The Church of England went about meeting these demands for new clergy in two major ways, actively recruiting men to the clergy and restructuring theological facilities and changing the requirements for ordination. These factors show us some of the upheaval and reconstruction that was going on in the Anglican Church in Victorian England. This was a direct result of the need to train a large number of clergy in a relatively short period of time. Industrialization changed the demographic make up of England. In The Victorian Church in York Edward Royle states that "As suburban development turned sparsely populated manors into thriving and populous communities, further parochial sub-division took place" (2). Where small parishes once were sufficient, the larger manufacturing towns demanded more parishes be added to minister to the larger population. In 1832 the "Church of England was in danger and quite unequipped for ministry to an emerging urban industrial society" (Parsons 16). There was a shortage of clergy because of the rapid unanticipated growth. The demand for so many clergy to be ordained quickly led to restructuring clerical requirements. This demand could be shown in mere numbers, for example: "In 1841 there were just over 14,000 clergy in England and in 1891 there were more than 24,000" (Parsons 25). In the 1840s these clergy were primarily trained at the two major universities, Oxford and Cambridge. A small percentage (14%) came from small theological colleges. Many people could not afford to send their sons to these universities for the length of time required to become ordained. The combination of the increased demand in number of clergy needed and the time restriction for development created a crisis. The result of this crisis, was the development of the lesser theological colleges for the non-ordained and vocationally trained clergy.. This caused a number of issues to be raised. The result of this trend was " the growth of non-university clergy and the inadequacy of its theological instruction" (qtd.

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Organizational Behaviour Learnings

Organizational Behaviour Learnings: OB course has given me a better understanding of the behavioural processes in an organization and provided me with a guideline for tackling various situations that I am likely to come across and be better equipped to function as a future manager within any stage of my work-life. During my work life at TCS,I have come across various kind of people. Some of them being arrogant,stern,unapproachable vis-a-vis others who were friendly, helpful and always in high spirits. Initial days the question I kept asking to myself was to do all the work assigned to me by myself or should I seek help from my colleagues. It was the initial steps I was taking into an unknown corporate jungle and I was full of doubts. One of the learning’s I had was how to balance work and life. There were periods of long working hours when we will have to work extra hours and come to office during the weekends. Along with this there was continuous phone calls asking for updates and the likes during the few hours I got to spend away from work. As a beginner I was eager to do more work and take on the added responsibility. But as the pressure mounted it was affecting my physical and mental self. OB gives us an insight into such a situation upfront and offers on how to tackle them to have a balanced work-life. One other key things one has to learn is to say NO to things. Even if you are the smartest and most hardworking employee on the planet ,it is impossible to do everything by yourself. We must learn to turn down the tasks which we logically could conclude that we wont be able to finish within the timeline and also learn to delegate and share work. Pursuit of career growth is only one facet of life and we must learn to juggle between the various other roles of life also. As I took up the role of leading a team of 20 people, the various uncertainties such as whom to assign what work, how to manage deadlines coming from superiors, learning the art of allocating time between meetings and dealing with various team dynamics as a manager came to life. Task allocation had to be done judiciously, prioritizing the work at hand and assigning it to the right people. I soon had 3-4 team members who were very enthusiastic and ready to take upon more challenging tasks and on the other hand a few who were very laid back and didn’t take work seriously. The trick was in assigning the high priority challenging tasks to the first kind and the mundane tasks to the other. Alongside this I used to talk to all my team members if they were dissatisfied with what they did and how I could make work-life better for them. As we fill into the shoes of a manager, we move from an individual perspective to managing a team wherein each of the team member has to be understood and also the team dynamics. OB learning comes in handy as it teaches us about how the team dynamics differs from an individualistic point of view. I handled multiple tasks within the project and hence had to work under different people, each having his/her own take on their subordinates and they treated them differently. We should understand the nature of the people we work under and modify the way we present ourselves to them as each one’s expectations will be different. This is where Interpersonal communication and relations that we learn in OB helps us to evolve with our Boss. OB also teaches us about how to handle emotions and personality in a work environment. There were many situations where I got frustrated with my Boss or with my team mates. This naturally happens as we are working on stringent timelines and clash of ideas are likely to happen. Maintaining composure and dealing with such emotionally challenging situations can define your personality among your colleagues. Another vital factor is the motivation we expect from the work – life. Personally I always was focussed on climbing up the corporate ladder and looked forward to new challenges. During initial phases I was subjected to monotonous, time consuming work. I was going off-course and there wasn’t any motivation in me to work. My manager noticed this and after a brief talk, she understood the negative effect it was having on me and further gave me different role and responsibility which instilled new life in me to work and bought back the urge in me to perform. Understanding what you want, your hygiene and motivating factor early will enable you to enjoy your work and hence have a positive effect overall. Also the lure of an onsite was an added motivation that many employees shared in hope of earning big bucks and spending time overseas. Organizational politics is an unavoidable part for any employee . Its a social work group where biases, favouritism’s and down-play rules. I also got entangled and initially caught unaware on which side to take. There are multiple teams in parallel and taking side with one senior or group will irk the other. Here is where tactfulness and being smart counts and here we must also learn to utilise the art of persuasion. A persuader must match his emotional fervour to the audience’s ability to receive the message and use the smarter way of negotiation. Many a times during my work life I had to convince the team members about the importance of work they are doing and the impact it carries within the project. Also as a team lead I had to persuade and convince the project manager of the additional resources I needed or for extending the timelines. Another aspect that forms the crux of OB is the way of communicating yourself and making yourself being heard. In a MNC with the large work group and complex hierarchies, one must really put in the extra effort to be heard amongst the crowd. For me, I learnt the secret lies in persistence and not giving up when you are ignored. If you give up no one is going to care about what you told and its brushed aside. On the other hand if you can reason yourself and understand whom to communicate it to within the hierarchy it makes all the difference. Working as a part of an Agile team we used to have daily stand-up meetings with the onsite where each days performance was analysed and commented upon. A manager has to be prompt in explaining his team’s daily activities and resolve any conflict that occurs due to clash of ideas. A team goal is defined at the start and objectives are laid which are pursued by the team. Whilst the manager has to deal with the complexities occurring in the work place, a leader is one who has to deal with the change. We had a leader who kept a watch on the proceedings and kept looking for other alternatives, technology advancements, client requirement changes etc and incorporated some breakthrough changes which redefined the goals and objectives that was set in initial stages. The drawbacks I found in OB learning was the extend up to which these theoretical learning’s could be taken over and practically applied to the ever changing and fast paced workspace. The theories and case studies are rational and very relevant to the current organizational scenario. But the effectiveness it can deliver as a pure theory subject is what raises my concern. Unless we learn these behavioural norms in an active way like learn it while experiencing it ,these theories will remain just as a dormant learning within us. The effectiveness could be brought in by giving more role plays and real life case studies which can be solved by us by creating a virtual organizational simulation inside the four walls of a classroom.

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

Powerful Women and Submissive Women in Njals Saga and the...

Powerful Women V. Submissive Women by Sean Conolly Ancient societies and their cultures traditionally provided women with no access to power. It was nearly universal for women to be treated as subservient to men while being expected to behave mildly and submissively. The New Testament makes no exception. The Apostle Paul explains that through Christ, women are absolved of constraints that the social hierarchy imposes on them, but he later goes on to explain that even in Christ a religious hierarchy still exists. By acknowledging that women are inferior to men in both the social and religious circles, Paul presents women as subordinates. This contrasts with Njal’s Saga. Through the saga’s characters Gunnhild, Hallgerd, and Bergthora,†¦show more content†¦This suggestion is eventually confirmed when she successfully convinces the King to accept Hrut as a bodyguard (Njal’s Saga, 8). Even though the King is the superior, Gunnhild still possesses the ability to influence him. Her influence demonstrates her ab ility to assume and exercise a degree of power. It is through her power that Gunnhild goes on to instigate a chain of events. After having Hrut as a lover for several seasons, Gunnhild reasserts her power when Hrut asks to return to Iceland. Though she lets him return, she sends a curse along with him. She says, â€Å"If I have as much power over you as I think I have, then I cast this spell: you will not have sexual pleasure with the woman you plan to marry in Iceland, though you’ll be able to have your will with other women. Neither of us comes out of this well, because you did not tell me the truth (Njal’s Saga, 13).† The curse she places on Hrut actually comes true (Njal’s Saga, 16). Hrut cannot please his wife and Gunnhild’s desire to hold a degree of dominance over Hrut is fulfilled. Because Hrut wants to please his wife but cannot, his desires are unfulfilled. This suggests that Gunnhild’s demands and desires are superior to those of men. It is the demands and desires of a woman t hat instigate events. The author immediately presents Gunnhild in the very first significant